Psychoeducation group for parents who raise a child with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

The aim of the research is to know how the impact of psychoeducation group to the level of parenting stress of parents who raise a child with autism spectrum disorder. This research used quasi experimental method with the design of the untreated control group with dependent pretest and posttest samples. This research involved 25 parents  (20 mothers and 5 fathers) who raise a child with autism spectrum disorder divided into two groups, experimental group and  the control group. The experimental group has received psychoeducation treatment with ecological approach for two months (8 meetings, conducted once a week). This research used Scale of Parenting Stress, observation, test of knowledge about parenting of children with autism spectrum disorder, and sheet of evaluation of psychoeducationactivities  in collecting the data. The result of the analysis with mixed anovahave shown that psychoeducation group has no effect to the level  of parenting stress (F = 0,697 p > 0,05). The result of check manipulation have shown that the knowledge of subject on parenting of children with autism increase after join in the psychoeducation group.

Keywords
  • psychoeducation
  • autism spectrum disorder
How to Cite
Mukhtar, D. Y., Hastjarjo, T. D., Kumara, A., & Adiyanti, M. G. (2018). Psychoeducation group for parents who raise a child with autism spectrum disorder. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 3(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020180311210
References
  1. Barlow, J. H., Powell, L. A., Gilchrist, M., &Fotiadou, M. (2008). The effectiveness of the training and support program for parents of children with disabilities: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 55-62. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.006.
  2. Barlow, J., Smailagic, N., Ferriter, M., Bennett, C., & Jones, H. (2010). Group-based parent-training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in children from birth to threeyears old. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003680. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD003680.pub2.
  3. Berns, R. M. (2007). Child, family, school, community: Socialization and support (ed. 7). Belmont: Thomson Higher Education.
  4. Brobst, J. B., Clopton, J. R., &Hendrick, S. S. (2009). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders, The couple’s relationship. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24 (1), 38-49.
  5. Corey, M. S., Corey, G., & Corey, C. (2014).Group process and practice (ed. 9). United States of America: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
  6. Deater-Deckard, K. (2004).Parenting stress. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  7. Farrar, R. L. E. (2005). The effect of cognitively-based parent training intervention on parental stress.Proquest Dissertation and Theses, UMI Number: 3161353.
  8. Forsyth, D. R. (2014).Group dynamics (ed. 6). United States of America: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
  9. Gattuso, J. L. (2013). Parent training and parent support: The efficacy of a parent-focused parent training support group for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and disruptive behavior. Proquest Dissertation and Theses, UMI Number: 3617783.
  10. Ha, V. S., Whittaker, A., Whittaker, M., & Rodger, S. (2014). Living with autism spectrum disorder in Hanoi, Vietnam.Social Science & Medicine, 120, 278-285.
  11. Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 629-642. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y.
  12. Hoogsteen, L., &Woodgate, R. L. (2013). The lived experience of parenting a child with autism in a rural area: Making the invisible, invisible. Pediatric Nursing, 39(5), 233-237.
  13. Jones, J., &Passey, J. (2004). Family adaptation, coping, and resources: Parents of children with developmental disabilities and behavior problem. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 11(1), 31-46.
  14. Keen, D., Couzens, D., Muspratt, S., & Rodger, S. (2010). The effect of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 229 – 241.
  15. Krauss, M. W., Upshur, C. C., Shonkoff, J. P., & Hauser-Cram, P. (1993).The impact of parents group on mothers of infants with disabilities.Journal of Early Intervention, 17 (1), 8 – 20.
  16. Lee, L-C., Harrington, R. A., Louie, B. B., &Newschaffer, C. J (2008). Children with autism: Quality of life and parental concerns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1147-1160. doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0491-0.
  17. McConnell, D., Savage, A., &Breitkreuz, R. (2014).Resilience in families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems.Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 833-848.
  18. Mueller, T. G., Milian, M., & Lopez, M. I. (2010). Latina mothers’ views of a parent-to-parent support group in the special education system. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 34 (3-4), 113-122.
  19. Mukhtar, D. Y. (2014).Nilaianakberkebutuhankhususbagiorangtua.Prosiding Seminar nasionaldancall for paper ketahanankeluargasebagai asset bangsa, FakultasPsikologiUniversitasMerdeka Malang, 124-142.
  20. Mukhtar, D. Y., Kumara, A., Hastjarjo, T. D., &Adiyanti, M. G. (2016). Bebanpengasuhan yang dialami orangtua yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan spektrumautis. Prosiding. Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Dies Natalis USU 64: Membangun kebersamaan menuju akreditasi unggul dan pengakuan internasional, Health and medicine, 159 – 165.
  21. Nichols, K. &Jenkinson, J. (2006).Leading a support group: A practical guide. New York: Open University Press.
  22. Patterson, J. M. (2002). Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 349-360.
  23. Perry, A. (2004). A model of stress in families of children with developmental disabilities: Clinical and research applications. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 11 (1), 1-16.
  24. Samadi, S. A., McConkey, R., & Bunting, B. (2014).Parental wellbeing of Iranian families with children who have developmental disabilities.Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 1639-1647.
  25. Sanders, J. L. & Morgan, S. B. (1997). Family stress and parent adjustment as perceived by parents of children with autism or down syndrome: Implication for intervention. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 19, 15-32.
  26. Scott, E. K. (2010). “I feel as if I am the one who is disabled”: The emotional impact of changed employment trajectories of mothers caring for children with disabilities. Gender and Society, 24(5), 672-696.
  27. Serrata, C. A. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of parenting a child with autism.Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 43 (4), 29-35.
  28. Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002).Experimental and quasi-experimental design: For generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  29. Solomon, M., Pistrang, N., & Barker, C. (2001). The benefit of mutual support groups for parents of children with disabilities. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29 (1), 113-132.
  30. Stoner, C. R., & Stoner, J. B. (2014). How we can make this work? Understanding and responding to working parents of children with autism.Business Horizons, 85-95.
  31. Swick, K. J., & Williams, R. D. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ekological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33 (5), 371-378. doi: 10.1007/210643-006-0078-y.
  32. Syeda, M., Weiss, J., &Lunsky, Y. (2011). Brief report: Experiences of families of individuals with intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 17 (2), 64-68.
  33. Thurston, M. (2007).Understanding family support.Dalam J. Schneider, M. Avis, & P. Leighton (Eds.), Supporting children and families: Lessons from Sure Start for evidence-based practice in health, social care and education (hal. 185-194). London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  34. Wang, P., Michaels, C. A., & Day, M. S. (2011). Stress and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 41, 783-795. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-1099-3.
  35. Yoak, M., Chesney, B. K., & Schwartz, N. H (1985) Active roles in self help group for parents of children with cancer. Children’s Health Care, 14, (1), 38 – 45.